If 9-bit characters are used (UCSZn=7) the ninth bit must be read from the RXB8 bit in UCSRnB before reading the low bits from the UDRn. This rule applies to the FE, DOR and UPE Status flags as well. Read status from UCSRnA, then data from UDRn. Reading the UDRn I/O location will change the state of the receive buffer FIFO and consequently the TXB8, FE, DOR and UPE bits, which all are stored in the FIFO, will change.
The following code example shows a simple receive function for USART0 that handles both nine-bit characters and the status bits. For the assembly code, the received data will be stored in R17:R16 after the code completes.
Assembly Code Example
USART_Receive: ; Wait for data to be received in r16, UCSR0A sbrs r16, RXC rjmp USART_Receive ; Get status and 9th bit, then data from buffer in r18, UCSR0A in r17, UCSR0B in r16, UDR0 ; If error, return -1 andi r18,(1<<FE)|(1<<DOR)|(1<<UPE) breq USART_ReceiveNoError ldi r17, HIGH(-1) ldi r16, LOW(-1) USART_ReceiveNoError: ; Filter the 9th bit, then return lsr r17 andi r17, 0x01 ret
C Code Example
unsigned int USART_Receive( void ) { unsigned char status, resh, resl; /* Wait for data to be received */ while ( !(UCSR0A & (1<<RXC)) ) ; /* Get status and 9th bit, then data */ /* from buffer */ status = UCSR0A; resh = UCSR0B; resl = UDR0; /* If error, return -1 */ if ( status & (1<<FE)|(1<<DOR)|(1<<UPE) ) return -1; /* Filter the 9th bit, then return */ resh = (resh >> 1) & 0x01; return ((resh << 8) | resl); }
The receive function example reads all the I/O registers into the register file before any computation is done. This gives an optimal receive buffer utilization since the buffer location read will be free to accept new data as early as possible.